PASSIVE VOICE - Interrogative Sentences

 Interrogative sentences प्रश्नार्थक वाक्याचे Passive Voice तयार करणे

प्रश्नार्थक वाक्याचे Passive Voice तयार करत असताना प्रश्नार्थक वाक्याची रचना लक्षात ठेवून Passive Voice चा बदल करावा

प्रश्नार्थक वाक्याचे दोन प्रकार आहेत त्याप्रमाणे बदल करावे लागतात. 

1 Yes No Type or Verbal Question 

2 WH words Type Question 

1.  Yes/No Type or Verbal Question वाक्याचे Passive Voice बनवताना

Yes/No Type or Verbal Question वाक्याची सुरुवात सहाय्यकारी क्रियापदाने झालेली असते.

Do : do, does, did.

To be : am, is, are, was, were.

Have: have, has, had.

Modal auxiliaries :

Can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would

1   Yes/No Type Or Verbal Type Question चे  Passive Voice करण्याच्या पायर्या Steps 

Step 1 : वाक्याची सुरूवात सहाय्यकारी क्रियापदाने करावी

Step 2 : कर्माचे रुपांतर कर्त्यात करावे

Step 3 : मुख्य क्रियापदाचे Past Participle लिहावे

Step 4 : by हे preposition लिहावे

Step 5 : कर्तयाचे रुपांतर कर्मात करावे

Step 6 : वाक्यातील इतर शब्द लिहावे 

Step 7 : वाक्याच्या शेवटी ? लिहावे

Step 1 : वाक्याची सुरूवात सहाय्यकारी क्रियापदाने करावी

Active Voice Yes/No Type Question - प्रश्नार्थक वाक्यात Simple Tense मध्ये सहाय्यकारी क्रियापद म्हणून do, does, did, रुपे वापरलेली असतात ती काढून टाकावीत आणि Passive Voice मधील नवीन कर्तानुसार व काळा नुसार to be च्या रूपांचा वापर करावा,

उदाहरणार्थ :

Active Voice

1. Does Sahil bring milk?

 या Active Voice Yes-No Type Question प्रश्नार्थक वाक्यात Simple Present Tense मध्ये सहाय्यकारी क्रियापद does हे रुप वापरले आहे, या वाक्याचे Passive Voice करताना does हे सहाय्यकारी क्रियापद काढून टाकले आणि Passive Voice मधील नवीन कर्ता 'milk' या नामानुसार व Simple Present Tense नुसार 'is' हे to be चे रूप वापरून वाक्याची केली.

Passive Voice

Is

Step 2 : कर्माचे रुपांतर कर्त्यात करावे 

Active Voice Yes-No Type Question प्रश्नार्थक वाक्यातील कर्म शोधून कर्माचे रुपांतर कर्त्यात करावे व auxiliary verbs सहाय्यकारी क्रियापदा नंतर लिहावे.

उदाहरणार्थ :

Active Voice

1. Does Sahil bring milk?

या Active Voice Yes-No Type Question प्रश्नार्थक वाक्यातील object कर्म 'milk' हे नाम आहे, त्याचे रुपांतर कर्त्यात केले व auxiliary verbs सहाय्यकारी क्रियापदा 'is' नंतर लिहीले. 

Passive Voice

Is milk

Step 3 : मुख्य क्रियापदाचे Past Participle लिहावे

Active Voice Yes-No Type Question प्रश्नार्थक वाक्यातील मुख्य क्रियापदाचे Past Participle लिहावे.

उदाहरणार्थ :

Active Voice

1. Does Sahil bring milk?

या Active Voice Yes-No Type Question प्रश्नार्थक वाक्यातील मुख्य क्रियापद 'bring' आहे त्याचे Past Participle रुप 'brought' लिहीले.

Passive Voice

Is milk brought 

Step 4 : 'by' हे preposition लिहावे

क्रियापदाचे Past Participle लिहिल्यानंतर 'by' हे preposition लिहावे.

उदाहरणार्थ :

Active Voice

1. Does Sahil bring milk?

या Active Voice Yes-No Type Question प्रश्नार्थक वाक्यातील मुख्य क्रियापदाचे Past Participle रुप 'brought' लिहिल्यानंतर 'by' हे preposition लिहिले. 

Passive Voice

Is milk brought by

Step 5 : कर्तयाचे रुपांतर कर्मात करावे

Active Voice Yes-No Type Question प्रश्नार्थक वाक्यातील कर्ता शोधून कर्मात रुपांतर करावे.

उदाहरणार्थ :

Active Voice

1. Does Sahil bring milk?

या Active Voice Yes-No Type Question प्रश्नार्थक वाक्यातील कर्ता 'Sahil' हे नाम आहे, त्याचे कर्मात रुपांतर केले व 'by' नंतर लिहिले.

Passive Voice

Is milk brought by Sahil

Step 6 : वाक्याच्या शेवटी ? लिहावे.

Interrogative Sentence असल्यामुळे वाक्याच्या शेवटी प्रश्नचिन्ह लिहावे.

उदाहरणार्थ :

Active Voice

1. Does Sahil bring milk?

या Active Voice Yes-No Type Question प्रश्नार्थक वाक्य असल्यामुळे वाक्याच्या शेवटी प्रश्नचिन्ह लिहिले.

Passive Voice

Is milk brought by Sahil?

उदाहरणार्थ

1. Will you do there? 

Will be done by you there?

2. Does Rahul bind roap?

Is roap bound by Rahul? 

3. Does he send letters?

Are letters sent by him? 

4. Do Children catch balls?

Are balls caught by children? 

5. Do I sell mangoes? 

Are  mangoes sold by me? 

6. Did she shut door?

Was door shut by her? 

7. Did Sahil sing song? 

Was song sung by Sahil? 

Passive Voice वाक्यात to be व इतर सहाय्यकारी क्रियापद वापरावे

1.  Active Voice Yes-No Type Question प्रश्नार्थक वाक्यात जर Continuous Tense मध्ये जर To be ची सहाय्यकारी क्रियापदे वापरलेली असतील तर Passive Voice मधील नवीन कर्तानुसार व काळा नुसार To be या सहाय्यकारी क्रियापदे रूपांचा वापर करून मुख्य क्रियापदाच्या Past Participle रुपा पूर्वी being हे क्रियापद वापरावे.

उदाहरणार्थ :

Is Sahil bringing milk?

या Active Voice Yes-No Type Question प्रश्नार्थक वाक्यात 'Present Continuous Tense' आहे व 'is' हे To be चे सहाय्यकारी क्रियापदे वापरलेले आहे तर Passive Voice मधील 'milk' या नवीन कर्तानुसार व 'Present Continuous Tense' या काळा नुसार 'is' या To be च्या सहाय्यकारी क्रियापदाचा रूपांचा वापर करून मुख्य क्रियापदाच्या Past Participle रुपा पूर्वी being हे क्रियापद वापरावे

Is milk being brought by Sahil? 

Continuous Tense,

To be : am, is, are, was, were.

1. Is she writing a book? 

Is a book being written by her? 

2. Is Sanjay bringing milk?

Is milk being brought by Sanjay?

3. Are Shankar building house?

Is house being built by Shankar?

4. Were People buying vegetables?

Were vegetables being bought by people?

5. Was boy choosing fruits?

Were fruits being chosen by boys?

2.    Active Voice Yes-No Type Question प्रश्नार्थक वाक्यात जर Perfect Tense मध्ये जर have, had, had ची सहाय्यकारी क्रियापदे वापरलेली असतील तर Passive Voice मधील नवीन कर्तानुसार व काळा नुसार have, has, had यापैकी एका सहाय्यकारी क्रियापदे रूपांचा वापर करून मुख्य क्रियापदाच्या past participle रुपा पूर्वी 'been' हे क्रियापदाचे रुप वापरवे.

उदाहरणार्थ :

1. Has Sahil brought milk?

या Active Voice Yes-No Type Question प्रश्नार्थक वाक्यात Present Perfect Tense आहे व मध्ये जर has हे सहाय्यकारी क्रियापद वापरलेले आहे तर Passive Voice मधील नवीन कर्ता milk यानुसार व Present Perfect Tense याकाळ नुसार has या सहाय्यकारी क्रियापदे रूपांचा वापर करून मुख्य क्रियापदाच्या past participle रुपा पूर्वी 'been' हे क्रियापदाचे रुप वापरले.

Has milk been brought by Sahil? 

Perfect Tense

Have: have, has, had.

1. Have they completed the work? 

Have the work been Completed by them?  

2. Have children caught balls?

Have balls been caught by children?

3. Has he chosen fruits?

Have fruits been chosen by him? 

4. Had I sold mangoes? 

Had mangoes been sold by me? 

3.    Active Voice Yes-No Type Question प्रश्नार्थक वाक्यात जर Modal Auxiliaries सहाय्यकारी क्रियापदे वापरलेली असतील तर Passive Voice मधील नवीन कर्तानुसार व काळा नुसार Modal Auxiliaries सहाय्यकारी क्रियापदे रूपांचा वापर करून मुख्य क्रियापदाच्या past participle रुपा पूर्वी 'be' हे क्रियापदाचे रुप वापरवे.

उदाहरणार्थ :

 Can Sahil bring milk?

या Active Voice Yes-No Type Question प्रश्नार्थक वाक्यात 'can' या Modal Auxiliaries सहाय्यकारी क्रियापदाचा वापरले आहे तर Passive Voice मधील नवीन कर्तानुसार व काळा नुसार 'can' या Modal Auxiliaries सहाय्यकारी क्रियापदे रूपांचा वापर केला व मुख्य क्रियापदाच्या past participle रुपा पूर्वी 'be' हे क्रियापदाचे रुप लिहिले. 

Can milk be brought by Sahil? 

1. Can Rahul bind roap?

Can roap be bound by Rahul? 

2. Could he send letters?

Could  letters be sent by him? 

3. Would Children catch balls?

Would balls be caught by children? 

4. Should I sell mangoes? 

Should mangoes be sold by me? 

5. May she shut door?

May door be shut by her? 

6. Might Sahil sing song? 

Might song be sung by Sahil? 

2.  WH words Type Question चे  passive voice करण्याच्या पायर्या Steps 

Step 1 :  WH Type Question Passive Voice वाक्याची सुरूवात WH word ने करावी 

Step 2 : सहाय्यकारी क्रियापदाचा वापर करणे

Step 3 : कर्माचे रुपांतर कर्त्यात करावे

Step 4 : मुख्य क्रियापदाचे Past Participle लिहावे

Step 5 : by हे preposition लिहावे

Step 6 : कर्तयाचे रुपांतर कर्मात करावे

Step 7 : वाक्यातील इतर शब्द लिहावे 

Step 8 : वाक्याच्या शेवटी ? लिहावे

WH Type Question वाक्याचे Passive Voice बनवताना

Step 1 :  प्रश्नार्थक  passive voice वाक्याची सुरूवात WH word ने करावी 

Active Voice WH Type प्रश्नार्थक वाक्यातील WH word ने प्रश्नाची सुरूवात झाली असते, Passive Voice करताना त्याच WH word प्रश्नार्थक शब्दाने passive voice वाक्याची सुरुवात करावी.

उदाहरणार्थ :

Active Voice

1. When does Sahil bring milk?

When does Sahil bring milk? या WH Type प्रश्नाची सुरूवात 'when' या wh word ने झाली आहे म्हणून Passive Voice करताना वाक्याची सुरुवात त्याच Wh word 'when' ने केली.

Passive Voice

When 

WH Type Question वाक्याचे Passive Voice बनवण्यच्या पुढील सर्व पायर्‍या yes no type question च्या पायर्‍यांसारख्याच बदतात.

Step 2 : to be व इतर सहाय्यकारी क्रियापद वापरावे

Example

When does Sahil bring milk?

When Is

Step 3 : कर्माचे रुपांतर कर्त्यात करावे 

Example

When does Sahil bring milk?

When Is milk

Step 4 : मुख्य क्रियापदाचे Past Participle लिहावे

Example

When does Sahil bring milk?

When Is milk brought 

Step 5 : by हे preposition लिहावे

Example

When does Sahil bring milk?

When Is milk brought by

Step 6 : कर्तयाचे रुपांतर कर्मात करावे

Example

When does Sahil bring milk?

When Is milk brought by Sahil 

Step 8 : वाक्याच्या शेवटी ? लिहावे.

Interrogative Sentence असल्यामुळे वाक्याच्या शेवटी प्रश्नचिन्ह लिहावे.

Example

When does Sahil bring milk?

When Is milk brought by Sahil?

1. When does she shut door?

When is door shut by her? 

2. When were People buying vegetables?

When are vegetables being bought by people?

3. When had I sold mangoes? 

When had mangoes been sold by me?

4. How did she speak? 

How is spoken by her? 

5. How did Sahil sing song? 

How was song sung by Sahil? 

6. How will People buy vegetables?

How will vegetables be bought by people? 

7. How does she take book? 

How is book taken by her? 

8. Why does he drink water?

Why is water drunk by him? 

9. Why does Rahul bind roap?

Why is roap bound by Rahul? 

10. Where do Children catch balls?

Where are balls caught by children? 

11. Where shall we send letters?

Where will letters be sent by us? 

12. Which does he send letters?

Which are letters sent by him? 

13. Which was boy choosing fruits?

Which were fruits being chosen by boy? 

What च्या Active Voice प्रश्नार्थक वाक्यात कर्म  नसते अशा वाक्याचे Passive Voice करताना प्रथम कर्म लिहिता येत नाही

1. What does Sahil make? 

What is made by Sahil? 

2. What does Rahul bring? 

What is brought by Rahul? 

3. What is she speaking? 

What is being spoken by her? 

4. What have children caught?

What has been caught by children? 

5. What is Sanjay bringing?

What is being brought by Sanjay? 

6. What does Sahil make?

What is made by Sanjay? 

Who च्या प्रश्नार्थक Active Voice वाक्यात कर्ता नसतो अशा Passive Voice वाक्याची सुरुवात by whom ने करावी.

1. Who did this?

By whom was this done?

2. Who does make kite? 

By Whom is made kite? 

3. Who does bring milk? 

By whom is brought milk? 

4. Who is she speaking? 

By whom is being spoken? 

5. Who has chosen fruits?

By whom has been chosen fruits?

6. Who does sell mangoes?

      By whom is sold mangoes? 

7. Who are building house?

By whom are being built house? 

PASSIVE VOICE - Imperative Sentence

Imperative Sentence आज्ञार्थी वाक्याचे Passive Voice तयार करणे.

Imperative Sentence आज्ञार्थी वाक्य :

Active Voice आज्ञार्थी वाक्याची रचना :

Verb+ object + वाक्यातील इतर शब्द.

Give me pen. 

Imperative Sentence आज्ञार्थी वाक्य नेहमी वर्तमानकाळत असते.

Imperative Sentence आज्ञार्थी वाक्याची सुरुवात क्रियापदाने होते

Imperative Sentence या वाक्यात कर्ता दिलेला नसतो तो कर्ता नेहमी you हाच गृहीत धरला जातो.

Imperative Sentence आज्ञार्थी वाक्य Passive Voice चा रचना :

Let + object + be + verb past participle + इतर शब्द.

Imperative Sentence आज्ञार्थी वाक्य Passive Voice च्या पायर्‍या Steps :

     Step 1 : आज्ञार्थी वाक्याचे Passive Voice वाक्याची सुरुवात Let ने करावी

    Step 2 : Let नंतर वाक्यातील object कर्म लिहावे

    Step 3 : object कर्म लिहील्या नंतर be हे क्रियापद लिहावे

   Step 4 : be हे क्रियापद लिहील्या नंतर मुख्य क्रियापदाचे past participle लिहावे

    Step 5 : मुख्य क्रियापदाचे past participle लिहील्या नंतर वाक्यातील इतर शब्द लिहावे.

Drink water everyday. या वाक्याचे passive voice करुया. 

Step 1 :

             Drink water everyday. या Active Voice आज्ञार्थी वाक्याच्या Passive Voice वाक्याची सुरुवात Let ने केली.

Active Voice : Drink water everyday.

Passive Voice : Let 

Step 2 :

            Let ने वाक्याची सुरुवात केल्या नंतर Drink water everyday. या वाक्यातील object कर्म water हे लिहिले.

Active Voice : Drink water everyday.

Passive Voice : Let water

Step 3 :

            Water हे object कर्म लिहील्या नंतर be हे क्रियापद लिहीले. 

Active Voice : Drink water everyday.

Passive Voice : Let water be 

Step 4 : 

            be हे क्रियापद लिहील्या नंतर Drink water everyday. या वाक्यातील drink या मुख्य क्रियापदाचे past participle drunk लिहोले. 

Active Voice : Drink water everyday.

Passive Voice : Let water be drunk 

Step 5 : 

            Drunk हे मुख्य क्रियापदाचे past participle लिहील्या नंतर Drink water everyday. या वाक्यातील इतर शब्द everyday लिहीला.

Active Voice : Drink water everyday.

Passive Voice : Let water be drunk everyday.

Examples : 

1. Drink water everyday.

    Let water be drunk everyday. 

2. Bring milk in morning.

    Let milk be brought in morning.

3. Buy vegitables from market.

    Let vegetables be bought from market.

4. Sell fruits today.

    Let fruits be sold today. 

5. Make tea for me.

    Let tea be made for me. 

6. Teach history to students in class. 

    Let history be tought to students in class.  

7. Pay money properly.

    Let money be paid properly.

PASSIVE VOICE - Statement Sentences

Change The Voice - Statement Sentences 

English भाषेमध्ये दोन Voice - प्रयोग आहेत 

1. Active Voice 2. Passive Voice

Change the Voice साठी काही आवश्यक पूर्वतयारी करावी:

1. वाक्यांचे प्रकार व वाक्य रचना

2. वाक्यातील क्रियापदाचा काळ

3. वाक्यातील कर्ता, कर्म आणि क्रियापद या शब्दांची ओळख

4. क्रियापदाची तीन रुपे

5. नाम व सर्वनांमाच्या विभक्ती प्रथमा आणि द्वितीया 

6. To be या सहाय्यकारी क्रियापदाचा योग्य वापार

1. Active Voice 

       जेव्हा क्रिया करणारा कर्ता महत्त्वाचा असतो तेव्हा  Active Voice ची वाक्य रचना केली जाते. 

Active Voice वाक्याची रचना 

Subject-कर्ता + Verb-क्रियापद + Object-कर्म.

2. Passive Voice 

         जेव्हा क्रिया करणाऱ्या पेक्षा ज्यावर क्रिया घडते त्या कर्माला जास्त महत्त्व द्यायचे असते तेव्हा Passive Voice ची रचना वापरणे अधिक योग्य असते.

Passive Voice वाक्य बनविण्याच्या पायर्‍या Steps:

Step 1. Active Voice वाक्यातील Object कर्माने वाक्याची सुरुवात करून त्याचे रूपांतर Subject कर्त्यात करणे. 

Step 2. To be चे सहाय्यकारी क्रियापद वापरणे. 

Step 3. मुख्य क्रियापदाचे past participle रुप वापरणे.

Step 4. by हे preposition वापरणे.

Step 5. Active Voice वाक्यातील Subject कर्त्याचे  रुपांतर object कर्मात करणे.

वाक्य प्रकारानुसार Change the Voice  केले जाते

1. Statement Sentence - विधानार्थी वाक्य

2. Imperative Sentence - आज्ञार्थी वाक्य

3. Interrogative sentences - प्रश्नार्थक वाक्य

वाक्यातील काळानुसार Change the Voice  केले जाते

Active Voice वाक्यातील Verb क्रियापद पुढील पैकी काळात असू शकते त्याप्रमाणे Change the Voice बनवण्यासाठी या काळांची ओळख असणे आवश्यक आहे.

Present Tense

1. Simple Present Tense 

2. Present Continuous Tense 

3. Present Perfect Tense 

Past Tense

4. Simple Past Tense

5. Past Continuous Tense

6. Past Perfect Tense

Future Tense

7. Simple Future Tense

         

Modal Auxiliary क्रियापदाच्या सहाय्याने Change the Voice  केले जाते.

Negative Sentences चे  Change the Voice  केले जाते.

Without 'by' ने  Change the Voice  केले जाते.

Active Voice चे Passive Voice केले जाते तसेच Passive Voice चे Active Voice सुध्दा केले जाते. 

वाक्यातील कर्ता Subject,  क्रियापद Verb, आणि कर्म Object ओळखणे :

            1. Subject कर्ता ओळखणे

वाक्याला प्रश्न विचारला की, 'कोण क्रिया करतो'? असा प्रश्न विचारला असता जे उत्तर मिळते तो त्या वाक्यातील क्रिया करणारा कर्ता असतो

Anil gives a pen. 

वरील वाक्याला 'कोण पेन देतो?' Who does give pen?  असा प्रश्न विचारला असता तर 'Anil' हे उत्तर मिळते. म्हणजे वरील वाक्याचा Subject कर्ता Anil आहे. 

       Active Voice वाक्यातील कर्ता नेहमी प्रथमा विभक्तीत असतो.

        Active Voice वाक्यातील कर्ता नाम अथवा सर्वनाम असू शकते.

         Active Voice वाक्यातील कर्ता एकवचनी किंवा अनेकवचनी असू शकतो.

         Active Voice वाक्यातील कर्ता पुलिंगी अथवा स्त्रीलिंगी असू शकतो.

     2. Verb क्रियापद ओळखणे - सकर्मक क्रियापद

           Active Voice वाक्यातील Verb क्रियापद ज्या वाक्याचे Passive Voice करायचे आहे ते Verb क्रियापद सकर्मक असते. म्हणजे वाक्याचा अर्थ पूर्ण होण्यासाठी त्या क्रियापदाला कर्माची आवश्यकता असते. 

Anil gives.

Sahil drinks. 

Rahul makes.

                 वरील वाक्यांचा जर विचार केला तर आपल्याला कर्ता समजतो व क्रिया समजते पण लगेच वाक्यात काहीतरी कमी असल्याचे जाणवते, म्हणजे कर्ता व क्रिया यांच्या संबंधी अजून काहीतरी आहे पण ते या वाक्यात दिले नाही आणि ते शोधण्याची उत्सुकता निर्माण होते म्हणजे वाक्य पूर्ण नसून अपूर्ण आहे. म्हणजेच वाक्याच्या अर्थ पूर्ण होण्यासाठी कर्माची आवश्यकता आहे.

             3. Active Voice वाक्यातील Object कर्म ओळखणे.

             Active Voice वाक्याला 'What- काय' ने प्रश्न विचारला असता जे उत्तर मिळते ते त्या वाक्यातील 'Direct Object- प्रत्यक्ष कर्म' असते

Sahil sings song.

            वरील Active Voice वाक्याला 'साहिल काय गातो?' What does Sahil sing? असा प्रश्न विचारला असता तर 'song' हे उत्तर मिळते. म्हणजे वरील वाक्यातील song हे Direct Object प्रत्यक्ष कर्म आहे.

             Active Voice वाक्याला 'Whom -कोणाला' असा प्रश्न विचारला असता जे उत्तर मिळते ते त्या वाक्यातील 'Indirect Object-अप्रत्यक्ष' असते.

Anil calls Sunil.

वरील Active Voice वाक्याला 'अनिल कोणाला बोलावतो?' Whom does Anil call? असा प्रश्न विचारला असता तर 'Sunil' हे उत्तर मिळते. म्हणजे वरील वाक्यातील 'Sunil' हे indirect Object अप्रत्यक्ष कर्म आहे.

            Active Voice वाक्यात दोन कर्म सुध्दा असू शकतात. 

             Active Voice वाक्यातील कर्म नेहमी द्वितीया विभक्तीत असते.

             Active Voice वाक्यातील कर्म नाम अथवा सर्वनाम असू शकते.

              Active Voice वाक्यातील कर्म एकवचनी किंवा अनेकवचनी असू शकते.

             Active Voice वाक्यातील कर्म पुलिंगी अथवा स्त्रीलिंगी असू शकते.

वाक्यतील इतर शब्द.

             Active Voice वाक्यात ज्याप्रमाणे Subject, Verb आणि object हे असतात त्याप्रमाणे वेळ, काळ स्थळ दाखवणारे इतर शब्दांचा सुध्दा वापर केलेला असतो.

              या शब्दांमध्ये कोणताही बदल होत नसला तरी ते वाक्याच्या दृष्टीने महत्त्वाचे असतात.

Today, Anil gives Sunil a pen in classroom.

      Active Voice चे Passive Voice करणे.

1. Statement Sentence विधानार्थी वाक्याचे Active Voice चे Passive Voice मध्ये रुपांतर करणे.

Step 1. Active Voice वाक्यातील Object कर्माचे रुपांतर Subject कर्त्यात करणे :

         Shankar brings milk. या Active Voice वाक्यातील milk हे object कर्म Passive Voice वाक्यात सुरुवातीस लिहून त्याचे कर्त्यात रुपांतर केले.

Active Voice : Shankar brings milk.

Passive Voice : Milk

Step 2. To be चे सहाय्यकारी क्रियापद वापरणे.

            Shankar brings milk. या Active Voice वाक्यातील brings हे verb क्रियापद असून त्याचा काळ simple present Tense आहे. आणि Passive Voice वाक्यात सुरुवातीस लिहीलेल्या कर्ता milk या तृतीय पुरूषी नामानुसार 'is' हे To be चे रूप वापरले.

Active Voice : Shankar brings milk.

Milk is

Step 3. मुख्य क्रियापदाचे action verb चे past participle रुप वापरणे.

              Shankar brings milk. या Active Voice वाक्यातील मुख्य क्रियापद action verb bring चे past participle brought लिहिले.

Active Voice : Shankar brings milk.

Milk is  brought

Step 4. by हे preposition वापरणे

Active Voice : Shankar brings milk. 

Milk is  brought  by

Step 5. Active Voice वाक्यातील Subject कर्त्याचे  रुपांतर object कर्मात करणे.

Shankar brings milk. या Active Voice वाक्यातील Shankar हे subject कर्ता Passive Voice वाक्यात by नंतर लिहून त्याचे कर्मात रुपांतर केले.

Active Voice : Shankar brings milk.

Milk is  brought  by Shankar.

दोन कर्म असलेल्या वाक्याचे Passive Voice करणे.

            Active Voice वाक्यात जर दोन कर्म Direct Object प्रत्यक्ष कर्म आणि Indirect Direct अप्रत्यक्ष कर्म असतील तर दोन्ही कर्मांनी Passive Voice वाक्य बनवता येते.

1. Anil gives Sunil a pen.

         Sunil is given pen by Anil.

         A pen is given Sunil by Anil. 

            Active Voice वाक्यात जर दोन कर्म असतील तर Indirect Object अप्रत्यक्ष कर्माला कर्ता करून होणारी वाक्य रचना अधिक प्रचलीत आहे.

           Sunil is given pen by Anil.

           Passive Voice वाक्य करताना जर एका object कर्माचा उपयोग subject कर्ता म्हणून केला तर राहिलेले दुसरे object कर्म काढून न टाकता ते वाक्यातील क्रियापदाच्या Past Participle तिसर्‍या रुपा नंतर लिहावे.

Active Voice : Anil gives Sunil a pen.

Passive Voice : Sunil is given a pen by Anil.

Active Voice वाक्यातील कर्म नाम अथवा सर्वनाम असू शकते.

Active Voice वाक्यातील कर्म नेहमी द्वितीया विभक्तीत असते, Passive Voice वाक्यात या Active Voice वाक्यातील कर्माचे कर्त्यात रूपांतर करताना त्या कर्माची प्रथमा विभक्ती लिहावी.

Active Voice : Anil gives him pen.

Passive Voice : He is given pen by Anil.

       

Active Voice वाक्यात कर्म असलेल्या नामाची द्वितीया विभक्ती ते नामच असते Passive Voice करताना या नामाची प्रथमा विभक्ती लिहिताना ते नाम जसेच्या तसे लिहावे 

Active Voice : Anil gives Sunil a pen.

Passive Voice : Sunil is given a pen by Anil.

                           A pen is given Sunil by Anil. 

             

मात्र Active Voice वाक्यात कर्म असलेल्या पुरुष वाचक सर्वनामाची द्वितीया विभक्तीतील रुप असेल तर Passive Voice करताना या पुरुषवाचक सर्वनामाची प्रथमा विभक्तीतील रुप लिहावे.

1. Anil gives me a pen.

         I am given a pen by Anil.

2. Anil gives her a pen.

        She is given a pen by Anil.

3. Anil gives him it.

         He is given it by Anil.

4. Anil gives them pens.

          They are given pens by Anil.

5. Anil gives me a pen.

         I am given a pen by Anil.

              

       Active Voice वाक्यातील कर्म एकवचनी किंवा अनेकवचनी आणि पुलिंगी किंवा स्त्रीलिंगी असू शकते, Passive Voice करताना या कर्माच्या लिंग वचनामध्ये बदल करु नये फक्त विभक्ती बदलावी. 

1. Anil gives her a pen.

           She is given a pen by Anil.

2. Anil gives her a pen.

          A pen is given her by Anil.

3. Anil gives him it.

          He is given it by Anil.

4. Anil gives him it.

            It is given him by Anil. 

5. Anil gives them pens.

            They are given pens by Anil.

6. Anil gives pens.

           Pens are given by Anil. 

7. Anil gives Sunil a pen.

          Sunil is given a pen by Anil.

8. Anil gives him a pen.

          He is given a pen by Anil. 

9. Anil gives Deepa a pen.

         Deepa is given a pen by Anil.

10. Anil gives her a pen.

          She is given a pen by Anil. 

Step 2. To be या सहाय्यकारी क्रियापदाचा वापर करणे : 

             Passive Voice वाक्यातील subject कर्ता नुसार व Active Voice वाक्यातील action Verb मुख्य क्रियापदाच्या काळानुसार To be या सहाय्यकारी क्रियापद लिहावे.

               Present Tense : am / is / are

Anil gives a pen.

      A pen is given by Anil.

               Past Tense : was / were

Anil gave a pen.

        A pen was given by Anil.

              Future Tense : shall be / will be

Anil will give a pen.

         A pen will be given by Anil. 

Step 3. मुख्य क्रियापदाचे past participle तिसरे रुप लिहावे.

              Active Voice वाक्यातील Action Verb मुख्य क्रियापदाचे Past Participle तिसरे रुप लिहावे.

Step 4. by हे preposition शब्दयोगीअव्यय लिहावे

            Action Verb मुख्य क्रियापदाचे Past Participle तिसरे रुप लिहिल्यानंतर 'by' हे Preposition शब्दयोगीअव्यय लिहावे.

1. Anil gives a pen.

        A pen is given by Anil. 

2. Anil gives her a pen.

      She is given a pen by Anil.

Step 5. Active Voice वाक्यातील Subject कर्म

             Active Voice वाक्यातील subject कर्ता Passive Voice मध्ये लिहून त्याचे object कर्मात रुपांतर करावे. हे Passive Voice वाक्यातील object कर्म असते. हे कर्म by या preposition नंतर लिहून जोडावा

1. Anil gives a pen.

           A pen is given by Anil. 

2. He gives a pen.

          A pen is given by him. 

              Active Voice वाक्यातील कर्ता नेहमी प्रथमा विभक्तीत असतो, Passive Voice वाक्यात या Active Voice वाक्यातील कर्त्याचे कर्मात रूपांतर करताना त्या कर्तयाची द्वितीया विभक्ती लिहावी.

1. Anil gives a pen.

       A pen is given by Anil. 

2. He gives a pen.

       A pen is given by him. 

               Active Voice वाक्यात Subject कर्ता असलेल्या नामाची द्वितीया विभक्ती ते नामचं असते Passive Voice करताना या नामाची द्वितीया विभक्ती लिहिताना ते नामं जसेच्या तसे लिहावे 

1. Anil gives a pen. 

A pen is given by Anil. 

            मात्र Active Voice वाक्यात कर्ता असलेल्या सर्वनामाची प्रथमा विभक्तीतील रुप असते अशावेळी Passive Voice करताना या सर्वनामाची द्वितीया विभक्तीतील रुप लिहावे.

1. I give a pen.

A pen is given by me.

2. She gives a pen.

A pen is given by her. 

3. He gives a pen. 

A pen is given him. 

4. They give pens.

 Pens are given by them. 

              Active Voice वाक्यातील कर्ता एकवचनी किंवा अनेकवचन पुलिंगी अथवा स्त्रीलिंगी असू शकतो, Passive Voice करताना या कर्त्याच्या वचन आणि लिंगामध्ये बदल करू नये जसेच्या तसे ठेवावे.

 3. Active Voice वाक्यातील Action Verb मुख्य क्रियापदाच्या काळानुसार Passive Voice चा काळ बनवणे. 

1. Simple Tense मध्ये Passive Voice करणे

               काळानुसार To be च्या सहाय्यकारी क्रियापदांचा वापर करणे व त्यानंतर Active Voice वाक्यातील Action Verb मुख्य क्रियापदाचे Past Participle तिसरे रुप लिहावे.

         1. Simple Present Tense - am / is / are

1. Sahil sings song.

Song is sung by Sahil.

2. Rahul binds roap.

Roap is bound by Rahul 

3. Sanjay brings milk.

Milk is brought by Sanjay. 

4. Shankar builds house.

House is built by Shankar.

5. People buy vegetables.

Vegetables are bought by people. 

6. Children catch balls.

Balls are caught by children.

7. Boys choose fruits.

Fruits are chosen by boys.

8. I sing song.

Song is sung by me. 

9. You drink water.

Water is drunk by you. 

11. He reads story.

Story is read by him. 

12. She gives pen.

Pen is given by her. 

13. They play cricket.

Cricket is played by them. 

         2. Simple Past Tense - was / were

 1. Sahil sang song.

Song was sung by Sahil.

2. Rahul bound roap.

Roap was bound by Rahul 

3. Sanjay brought milk.

Milk was brought by Sanjay. 

4. Shankar built house.

House was built by Shankar.

5. People bought vegetables.

Vegetables were bought by people. 

6. Children caught balls.

Balls were caught by children.

7. Boys chose fruits.

Fruits were chosen by boys.

8. I sang song.

Song was sung by me. 

9. You drank water.

Water was drunk by you. 

11. He read story.

Story was read by him. 

12. She gave pen.

Pen was given by her. 

13. They played cricket.

Cricket was played by them.

       3. Simple Future Tense : shall be / will be

1. Sahil will sing song.

Song will be sung by Sahil.

2. Rahul will bind roap.

Roap will be bound by Rahul 

3. Sanjay will bring milk.

Milk will be brought by Sanjay. 

4. Shankar will build house.

House will be built by Shankar.

5. People will buy vegetables.

Vegetables will be bought by people. 

6. Children will catch balls.

Balls will be caught by children.

7. Boys will choose fruits.

Fruits will be chosen by boys.

8. I shall sing song.

Song will be sung by me. 

9. You will drink water.

Water will be drunk by you. 

11. He will read story.

Story will be read by him. 

12. She will give pen.

Pen will be given by her. 

13. They will play cricket.

Cricket will be played by them. 

2. Continuous Tense मध्ये Passive Voice करताना काळानुसार To be च्या सहाय्यकारी क्रियापदांचा वापर करणे त्या नंतर being हे क्रियापदाचे रूप लिहावे त्यानंतर Active Voice वाक्यातील Action Verb मुख्य क्रियापदाचे Past Participle तिसरे रुप लिहावे.

         1. Present Continuous Tense 

1. Sahil is singing song.

Song is being sung by Sahil.

2. Rahul is binding roap.

Roap is being bound by Rahul 

3. Sanjay is bringing milk.

Milk is being brought by Sanjay. 

4. Shankar is building house.

House is being built by Shankar.

5. People are buying vegetables.

Vegetables are being bought by people. 

6. Children are catching balls.

Balls are being caught by children.

7. Boys are choosing fruits.

Fruits are being chosen by boys.

8. I am singing song.

Song is being sung by me. 

9. You are drinking water.

Water is being drunk by you. 

11. He is reading story.

Story is being read by him. 

12. She is giving pen.

Pen is being given by her. 

13. They are playing cricket.

Cricket is being played by them. 

             2. Past Continuous Tense 

1. Sahil was singing song.

Song was being sung by Sahil.

2. Rahul was binding roap.

Roap was being bound by Rahul 

3. Sanjay was bringing milk.

Milk was being brought by Sanjay. 

4. Shankar was building house.

House was being built by Shankar.

5. People were buying vegetables.

Vegetables were being bought by people. 

6. Children were catching balls.

Balls were being caught by children.

7. Boys were choosing fruits.

Fruits were being chosen by boys.

8. I was singing song.

Song was being sung by me. 

9. You were drinking water.

Water was being drunk by you. 

11. He was reading story.

Story was being read by him. 

12. She was giving pen.

Pen was being given by her. 

13. They were playing cricket.

Cricket was being played by them. 

3. Perfect Tense मध्ये Passive Voice करताना Present Perfect Tense मध्ये have / has व Past Perfect Tense मध्ये had या सहाय्यकारी क्रियापदांचा वापर करणे त्यानंतर been हे क्रियापदाचे रुप वापरणे त्यानंतर Active Voice वाक्यातील Action Verb मुख्य क्रियापदाचे Past Participle तिसरे रुप लिहावे.

           1.  Present Perfect Tense 

1. Sahil has sung song.

Song has been sung by Sahil.

2. Rahul has bound roap.

Roap has been  bound by Rahul 

3. Sanjay has brought milk.

Milk has been brought by Sanjay. 

4. Shankar has built house.

House has been built by Shankar.

5. People have bought vegetables.

Vegetables have been bought by people. 

6. Children have caught balls.

Balls have been caught by children.

7. Boys have chosen fruits.

Fruits have been chosen by boys.

8. I have sung song.

Song has been sung by me. 

9. You have drunk water.

Water has been drunk by you. 

11. He has read story.

Story has been read by him. 

12. She has given pen.

Pen has been given by her. 

13. They have played cricket.

Cricket has been played by them.

             2.  Past Perfect Tense 

1. Sahil had sung song.

Song had been sung by Sahil.

2. Rahul had bound roap.

Roap had been  bound by Rahul 

3. Sanjay had brought milk.

Milk had been brought by Sanjay. 

4. Shankar had built house.

House had been built by Shankar.

5. People had bought vegetables.

Vegetables had been bought by people. 

6. Children had caught balls.

Balls had been caught by children.

7. Boys had chosen fruits.

Fruits had been chosen by boys.

8. I had sung song.

Song had been sung by me. 

9. You had drunk water.

Water had been drunk by you. 

11. He had read story.

Story had been read by him. 

12. She had given pen.

Pen had been given by her. 

13. They had played cricket.

Cricket had been played by them.

3. Active Voice वाक्यात इतर प्रकारची सहाय्यकारी क्रियापदे असल्यास त्या वाक्याचे Passive Voice करणे.

       इतर प्रकारची सहाय्यकारी क्रियापदे : can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must.

         Active Voice वाक्यातील असलेले इतर सहाय्यकारी क्रियापद जसेच्या तसे लिहावे व त्यानंतर be हे क्रियापदाचे रूप लिहावे, 

           त्यानंतर Active Voice वाक्यातील Action Verb मुख्य क्रियापदाचे Past Participle तिसरे रुप लिहावे.

1. Sahil can sing song.

Song can be sung by Sahil.

2. Rahul could bind roap.

Road could be bound by Rahul.

3. Sanjay may bring milk.

Milk may be brought by Sanjay.

4. Shankar will build house.

House will be built by Shankar.

5. People should buy vegetables.

Vegetables should be bought by People. 

6. Children would catch balls.

Balls would be caught by Children.

7. Boys might choose fruits.

Fruits might be chosen by boys. 

8. I shall sing song.

Song will be sung by me.      

9. You must drink water.

Water must be drunk by you.

10. He can read story.

Story can be read by him.

11. She could give pen.

Pen could be given by her.   

12. They must play cricket..

Cricket must be played by them. 

Negative Sentence नकारार्थी वाक्याचे Passive Voice करणे :

            Active Voice वाक्यात Simple Present Tense मध्ये do not किंवा does not आणि  Simple Past Tense मध्ये did not असा नकार असेल तर Passive Voice करताना do / does / did हे सहाय्यकारी क्रियापद काढून टाकावे, त्याजागी Passive Voice वाक्यातील कर्त्या नुसार To be चे Simple Present Tense मध्ये am / is / are आणि Simple Past Tense मध्ये was / were यांपैकी योग्य रूप वापरावे.

       To be चे रूप वापरल्यानंतर not लिहावे, 

       Not लिहील्यानंतर क्रियापदाचे Past Participle तिसरे रूप लिहावे.

     1. Simple Present Tense 

1. Sahil does not sing song.

Song is not sung by Sahil.

2. People do not buy vegetables.

Vegetables are not bought by People. 

      2. Simple Past Tense 

1. Rahul did not bind roap.

Roap was not bound by Rahul.

    

Continuous Tense मध्ये Negative नकारार्थी Active Voice वाक्याचे Passive Voice करताना

           Passive Voice वाक्यातील कर्त्यानुसार To be चा वापर करावा,

Present Continuous Tense मध्ये am / is / are आणि Past Continuous Tense मध्ये was / were,

           To be च्या रूपानंतर not हा शब्द जोडून लिहावा,

           not नंतर being हे क्रियापद लिहावे,

            त्यानंतर Action Verb मुख्य क्रियापदाचे Past Participle तिसरे रुप लिहावे.

          3. Present Continuous Tense

 1. Sanjay is not bringing milk.

Milk is not being brought by Sanjay.

           4. Past Continuous Tense

2. Shankar was not building house.

House was not being built by Shankar.

Perfect Tense मध्ये Negative नकारार्थी Active Voice वाक्याचे Passive Voice करताना

           Passive Voice वाक्यातील कर्त्यानुसार have / has / had चा वापर करावा. 

          Present Perfect Tense मध्ये have / has आणि Past Perfect Tense मध्ये had

         Have / has / had नंतर not हा शब्द लिहावा

         not नंतर been हे क्रियापदाचे रुप लिहावे

         त्यानंतर Action Verb मुख्य क्रियापदाचे Past Participle तिसरे रुप लिहावे

           5. Present Perfect Tense

1. Children have not caught balls.

Balls have not been caught by Children.

2. I have not sung song.

Song has not been sung by me.      

        6. Past Perfect Tense

1. Boys had not chosen fruits.

Fruits had not been chosen by boys. 

इतर सहाय्यकारी क्रियापदे वापरलेल्या Negative नकारार्थी Active Voice वाक्याचे Passive Voice करताना

             Active Voice वाक्यात जे सहाय्यकारी क्रियापद वापरलेले असते तेच सहाय्यकारी क्रियापदचा Passive Voice मध्ये वापर करावा,

            Passive Voice मध्ये सहाय्यकारी क्रियापदानंतर  not हा शब्द लिहावा,

          not हा शब्द लिहील्यानंतर be हे क्रियापद लिहावे,

          त्यानंतर Action Verb मुख्य क्रियापदाचे Past Participle तिसरे रुप लिहावे.

1. You may not drink water.

Water may not be drunk by you.

2. He can not read story.

Story can not be read by him.

3. She could not give pen.

Pen could not be given by her.   

4. They should not play cricket..

Cricket should not be played by them. 

Passive Voice without 'by'

Active Voice चे Passive Voice करताना 

              काही वेळा कृती कोणी केली यापेक्षा घडलेली कृती महत्त्वाची असते. 

              जेव्हा वाक्यात क्रिया करणारा कर्ता हा गृहित धरलेला असतो, म्हणजे क्रिया ही त्या कर्त्यानेच केली आहे हे सर्वमान्य असते, 

            जेव्हा Passive Voice करताना क्रिया करणारा कर्ता कोण आहे हे पून्हा पून्हा वाक्यात सांगण्याचे टाळण्यासाठी.

            अशा प्रकारच्या वाक्यात 'by' आणि त्यापुढे जोडला जाणारा Active Voice वाक्यातील मूळ कर्ता बऱ्याच वेळा गाळला जातो, कर्ता वापरण्याची आवश्यकता नसते. तेव्हा Passive Voice वाक्य without 'by'  ने केले तरी चालते.

1. People speak Hindi all over in India.

     Hindi is spoken all over in India by people.

     Hindi is spoken all over in India.

2. The police caught the thief.

     The thief was caught by the police. 

     The thief was caught.

3. Runner won race.

Race was won by runner. 

Race was won. 

4. People drink tea every morning.

Tea is drunk every morning by people.

Tea is drunk every morning.

5. Students completed homework.

Homework was completed by students.

Homework was completed. 

6. Farmers grow grains in fields.

     Grains grow in fields by farmer.

Grains are grown in fields. 

7. Teacher taught lesson in class.

Lesson was taught in class by teacher.

       Lesson was taught in class.