मंगळवार, २२ मार्च, २०२२

STORY WRITING

STORY WRITING

 

Story writing साठी दिलेल्या रूपरेषा वाचून संपूर्ण कल्पना समजली आहे याची खात्री करूनच Story writing स प्रारंभ करावा.

 

    Story writing ची रचना पुढील भागात करा.

1.           Title शीर्षक,

2.           Beginning सुरुवात,

3.           Main story,

             Character, language   

4.           Conclude समारोप आणि Moral बोध.

 

    Title of story शीर्षक:

        Title of story attractive असावा.

        खूप मोठे वाक्य नसावे, तिने ते चार शब्दात असावे.

        Story तील Moral thought चा वापर करून title देऊ शकतो.

        Character ने केलेल्या कार्य सांगणारे title तयार करू शकतो.

        Character चे गुण अथवा स्वभाव सांगणारे title तयार करू शकतो.    

        Character च्या नावाने title तयार करू शकतो.

 

    Beginning सुरुवात:

     सुरुवातीला ओळख करून द्यावी. यात वेळचे वर्णन, परिस्थितीचे वर्णन, character ची ओळख करावी.

        Once upon time, many years ago, one day, one morning, night आशा प्रकारे वेळचे अथवा काळचे वर्णन करावे.

    जर एखाद्या ऋतूचा उल्लेख करायचा असेल तर summer, winter, rainy वर्णन आपल्या वाक्यात असावे.

        Story तील character प्राणी असेल तर सुरुवातीला प्राण्याची ओळख करून जंगलाचा उल्लेख करावा.

        Story मधील Main Character ची ओळख करून द्यावी आणि त्याची परिस्थिती याचा उल्लेख असावा.

 

    Main story:

         सर्व मुद्दे समजून घ्या

        Story ची कल्पना मनातल्या मानत तयार करा.

        Story writing तील घटनाक्रम निश्चित करावा त्याच क्रमाने कथा लेखन करा.

        प्रत्येक मुद्द्याचे वाक्यात रुपांतर करून आवश्यक तेथे विस्तार करा.

       सर्व मुद्द्यांचा story मध्ये समावेश करा.

     

    Character व्यक्तिरेखा:

        Main character ला अनुरूप sub character असावी. 

        Story मध्ये character असेल त्यास नाव द्या, त्याच बरोबर शहर, गाव, देश, यास नाव द्या.

        Character कशी दिसते त्याचे वर्णन करावे,

        Character त्याचे महत्त्व वाढवण्यासाठी गुण विशेषणाचा वापर करावा

        Story तील व्यक्ती, वस्तू, प्राणी, याच्या नामाचा एकदा उल्लेख केल्यानंतर पुन्हा परत येणाऱ्या वाक्यामध्ये त्याचा नामाच्याजागी यौग्य पुरुष वाचक सर्व नामाचा वापर करावा.

        Story तील character प्राणी असेल तर तसा त्याचा उल्लेख करावा.

        Character त्यांचा उल्लेख घटणाक्रमनुसार करावा.

 

    Language भाषा:

        Story ची भाषा narrating असावी.

        Story च्या मुद्द्यामध्ये जर संभाषणचा उल्लेख असेल तरे ते संभाषण direct speech अथवा indirect speech मध्ये लिहावे.

       मुद्दे जरी वर्तमान काळात असले तरी story मात्र भूतकाळात लिहा.

       घटनेच्या क्रमचा प्रभाव निर्माण करण्यासाठी as soon as, not only__but also यासारख्या अव्ययांचा वापर करावा.

        Story writing ची भाषा रंजक व उत्सुकता निर्माण करणारी असावी.

      लहान लहान वाक्यांची रचना करावी.

      अनावश्यक विस्तार टाळावा.

       पुन्हा पुन्हा नामाचा वापर टाळावा त्याऐवजी पुरुष वाचक सर्वनामाचा वापर करावा.

 

    Conclude समारोप आणि Moral बोध

      गोष्टीच्या शेवटी असे का घडले हे सांगावे. त्यातून कोणता समज किंवा बोध व्यक्त तो सांगावा.


Story : 1

Points: 

    An old fox – wandering 

    fell into a well 

    - goat looked in 

    - asked to fox 

    - fox’s reply 

    - fox invited goat 

    - foolish goat leaped 

    - fox climbed

    – jumped out

    - silly goat had to remain.


THE FOX AND THE GOAT

One day a cunning old fox was wandering about. He peeped into well and fell. The well was very deep. He tried to get out again and again. He was unable to come out from the well. He stood still in the shallow water, tired and hopeless. He was waiting for help.

                After long time the goat passed from the well. A passing goat looked into well. He was very astonished to see the fox into a well. “What are you doing there at the bottom of the well, Mr Fox?” he asked. The fox replied from inside, “I am enjoying the water down here, Mr. Goat. It is wonderfully clear, cool and sweet. Come and have a drink. Please, do.”

                The foolish goat wished to taste the water and he leaped into the well. The fox did not lost time in climbing on to his back. Then he jumped out of the well.

                “Good-bye, Mr. Goat,” he yelled. Thank you to help me to get out a well. I wish you a good time down there in all that lovely, sweet, cool, and clear water. I am rather in a hurry to go home. The clever fox ran away. The silly goat had to remain in the well.

The cunning fox took advantage of the goat's simplicity to fool him and save himself from trouble. Fox put goat in trouble, so never trust a stranger.


Story 2 

Points:

An old man 

- five sons

– sons quarrelled among themselves

– the old man suggested to stop fighting

- they ignored

- the poor man on his death – bed

– used trick - called his sons

- asked them to bring sticks

- made a bundle of sticks

- he asked to break the bundle each one

- no one could do so

- bundle undone

- give single stick each one

- single sticks were broken easily

– lesson

- united we stand, divided we fall.

UNION IS STRENGTH

                There was an old man. He had five sons. These young men were always quarrelling among themselves. He often asked the them to stop fighting. They ignored his suggestion.  

                At last, the poor man was on his death-bed. He decided to use one trick on this situation. He called his sons to him. He asked everyone to bring one stck. He made bundle of five sticks. The father asked each one of the sons to break the bundle of sticks. Everyone tried to break the bundle but they couldn’t. Then he released the bundle and parted in single sticks. He distributed each one of them and asked to break it. This time, young men broke sticks easily.

Then the old man what they learned by this act, “My sons, sticks bundle was unable to break to everyone and single stick broke easily. If you live together in peace and goodwill, no one will be able to harm you. But, if you fight and fall out, all of you will come to grief. United we stand, divided we fall. Meanwhile that ‘union is strength’.”

                The sons came to their senses. They promised to live in peace and together. The old man died happily.


Develop a stories with help of given points and suggest a suitable titles for them. 

Points:

-A bee fell into a lake 

- death seemed certain 

– pigeon on a tree close by 

– it dropped a leaf 

– bee got on to the leaf 

– flew away 

– a few days later 

– a boy was taking aim at the pigeon with his sling 

– the saved bee saw the boy 

– it stung the boy’s hand 

- the boy dropped the sling 

– shouted in pain 

-  the pigeon flew away.


Points:

Two cats 

– found a large leaf of bread 

– started fighting over it 

– an old monkey came up 

– the cats agreed to accept his judgement 

– he cut the bread into two parts 

– found them unequal 

– went on biting them to make the equal 

- only one small piece was left 

- the cats begged for it 

– the monkey put it into his mouth as his fee 

– ran away.


Points:

Poor fisherman 

– caught a big fish 

- went to the royal palace 

– guard stopped him 

– he promised him half of what the king paid him for the fish 

- guard let him 

– king asked for the price of the fish 

– twenty lashes with a whip 

- a servant started giving him the lashes 

- with the tenth lash, he asked the servant to stop remain ten for the guard 

– guard punish 

- fisherman rewarded.

गुरुवार, १७ मार्च, २०२२

Section II Vocabulary Question

Vocabulary question

Section II

Textual Passages

A.3. and B.3. Activity Base on Vocabulary Mark 2

the meaning of words and phrases in the glossary from the text book.

 

1.1 A Teenager’s Prayer

 

1. Success - victory

2. Darkened – it refers to evil

3. Distress – great worry and strain

4. Temptation – a strong wish to do something bad or wrong

 

 

1.2 An Encounter of a Special Kind

 

1. Engrossed – occupied

2. Unfolded – revealed

3. new dimension – new factor

4. hearty - sufficient and wholesome

5. intermittent – frequent

6. shrill – very high and loud sound voice

7. commotion – noise and confusion

8. hapless – unfortunate

9. cacophony – loud, harsh noises

10. mercilessly – cruelly

11. clan – a very large family

12. got the better of – overpowered, defeated

13. dominant – powerful, superior

14. stout -heavy

15. marauding – searching for something to steal or attack

16. assault – attack

17. listless – without any energy

18. slide down – move downwards

19. manifold – more and more

20. prospect – future time

21. inert – powerless, motionless

22. coop – cage for poultry

23.  oozing – releasing

24. muffled – quietened/suppressed sound

25. stir – move

26. trauma – great distress

27. descended – moved downwards

28. cuddled – held

29. solace – comfort

30. ponder – think over deeply

31. stricken – to be hit hard, suffer

32. universal – existing everywhere or involving everywhere

 33. vicious - evil, wicked

34. hums into action - becomes active

35. compassion – sympathy and kindness

 

1.3 Basketful of Moonlight

1.       Plies – travels regularly over a route

 

1.4 Be SMART

1. Thrive - prosper

2. Illuminate - enlighten

3. At the helm of – in charge of

4. Steer - channelize

5. Rubric - a guideline or a heading

6. Benchmark - judged, standard by which something can be measured

7. Defensive - justificative

8. Adhere - bind

9. Consistent - steady

10. Down to earth – real, practical

11. Execute - to carry out

12. Strategy - plan of action

 

1.5 His first Flight

1. Ledge - a narrow horizontal shelf projecting from a wall or a cliff

2. Brink - the edge of a steep place

3. Muster - up courage

4. Ascending the sky

5. Shrilly - in a loud, harsh voice

6. Upbraiding - scolding

7. Skim move lightly just above a surface

8. Herring - a soft finned sea fish

9. Devour - eat up hungrily

10. Cackle - utter a shill cry

11. Cliff - a high steep face of a rock

12. Cowardice - lack of courage to face danger

13.  Preening - making an effort to clean feathers with the beak

14. Hump - a road raised mass on land

15. Scrapped - rubbed

16. Whet sharpen

17. Derisively - in a manner showing someone that she/he is stupid

18. Plaintively - expressing sorrow

19. Monstrous - shocking

20. Dizzy - having an uncomfortable feeling of spinning around and losing one’s balance

21. Curveting - leaping like a horse

22. Banking flying with one wing higher than the other

23. Shrieking - making a loud cry

24. Ridge - a chain of hills

25. Amusedly - pleasurably

26. Beckon - to give a signal to move near or to follow

27. Exhaust - wear out

 

28. Temptation, Commotion trauma, mercilessly cacophony, assault Plies

29. Rubric - a guideline or a heading

30. Thrive - prosper

31. Adhere - bind

32. Execute - to carry out

33. Strategy - plan of action

 

2.1 You Start dying slowly

1. Dying slowly – losing hope of a happy future

2. Self-esteem – a feeling of being happy with your own character and abilities, self-respect

3. Turbulent – unsteady

4. Glisten - shine

5. Sensible – wise, full of common sense

 

2.2 The boy who broke the bank

1. Grumbled - showed ones critical attitude

2. Emphasize - draw attention to

3. Plodded - walked heavily

4. Hoisted - raised to a higher position

5. Customary - usual, habitual

6. Stationary - stable not moving

7. Bankrupt - without enough money to pay what you owe financially ruined

8. Nicked - cut slightly

9. Beeline - the direct route

10. crooked not straight

11. squatting - occupying

12. barrow - a cart

13. drought - shortage of rainfall

14. imminent - standing above others in quality or position

15. speculating - chewing over

16. frenzy - fury

17. boast - show off

18. farsightedness - longsighted

19. indulged - in took part in something

20. dilemma - a difficult situation, a situation which make problems

21. persuade - make someone to believe

22. aggravated - annoyed

23. placate - stop someone from feeling angry

24. disgust - hatred

25. hooligans - bully

26. smote - make a heavy blow with a tool

 

2.3 The Twins

1.       Form and feature - structure and appearance

2.       Kith and kin - relatives

3.       Pitch - limit, height

4.       Decree - order

5.       Whim - a sudden change of mind

6.       Christened - name given to a baby at the naming ceremony

7.       Fatal - leading to disaster or death

8.       Dogged - continued to follow

9.       Flogged - beaten up

10.   Turned - the tide changed the situation

 

2.4 An epitome of courage

1. Mourn - feel sorry for

2. Exemplary - worth of imitation and admirable

3. Hailed - acclaimed

4. Epitome - a very fine example of something

5. Cosmology - study of origin and development of the universe

6. Quirk of fate - unexpected change of destiny

7. Clumsy - awkward, incompetent

8. Perplexed - full of difficulty confused

9. Fit of frensy - great annoyance or a rage

10. A bolt from the blue - a sudden unexpected shock or surprise

11. Prognosis - forecast of a future health condition

12. Undaunted - not afraid of misfortunes

13. Epoch making - of great importance at a particular restricted time

14. Bestowed on - granted as an honour

 15. Layman - an ordinary person without any special skills or knowledge

16. Quintessence - a perfect example

17. Optimism - state of having positive belief

 

2.5 Book review swami and friends by R.K. Narayan

1. Nightmare - a very frightening experience

2. Harass - somebody trouble

4. To play hovoc - to prevent normal function and cause damage

5. Exquisite - in a pleasing manner

6. Perspective - point of view

7. Technical jargon - words used by particular professionals, that others fail to understand

8. Encompasses - circles around

9. Sensitive - quick to understand feeling of others

10. Essence - spirit

 

2.6 Word Heritage

1.       Heritage - that which is valued because of historical/natural/cultural importance

2.       Characteristics – distinguishing features or qualities

3.       Artefacts - any objects made by a human being

4.       Scores of - plenty of many of

5.       Dismantling - disassembling pulling down

6.       Initiated - began started

7.       Inventory - a detailed list

8.       Recommendations - Suggestions proposals

9.       Criteria - fixed basis to judge

10.   To inscribe - fixed basis to judge

11.   Territory - region

12.   Urbanization - include more areas in cities, expand city area.

13.   Allocate – assign

 

3.1 If

1. Keep ones head - not to get angary

2. Make allowance for - consider what others also have to say about something

3. Be lied about – false things spoken about oneself by others

4. Give way to hating - allow hatred to take control of oneself

5. Don’t look good - not to be perfect

6. Talk too wise - show off one`s knowledge

7. Triumph - victory

8. Imposter - one who deceives others by pretending to be someone else

9. Knaves - slaves

10. Truth twisted by someone - change the truth a little to gain some advantage

11. Keep ones virtue - keep ones goodness or morals under any condition

12. Lose the common touch - refuse to interact with common people

13. Count with you - be equally important to you

14. Unforgiving minute - time that does not wait for anyone

15. Sixty seconds worth of distance run - make good use of every second without wasting.

16. To be a man - to be a good perfect human being

 

3.2 A Lesson in life from a beggar

1.       Gloom - feeling of sadness

2.       Cynicism - a distrustful attitude

3.       Pessimistic - expecting the worst, having a negative attitude

4.       Subside - to settle down or stop

5.       Chronic extreme

6.       Paradise - heaven, an ideal or perfect place

7.       Zest - great enjoyment or enthusiasm

8.       Sponsor - provide funds for a good purpose

9.       Asset - a useful and valuable thing

10.   Realization dawned - began to realize

 

3.3 Stopping by woods on a snowy evening

1.       Queer - strange

2.       Harness bells - bells tied in the neck of a horse to control it

3.       Downy flake - soft feather like snow falkes falling

 

3.4 Let’s March

1. Aspiration - an ardent wish or desire

2. Dignity - self respect

3. The sound of silence - unheard plea of the deprived

4. Face of invisibility - unnoticed suffering of the poor and innocent

5. Exhaust - wear out

6. Shackles - chains that bind

7. Confronting - facing and attacking

8. Compassion - pity and concern for those suffering

9. Inculcate - develop by instructing

10. intergenerational - Involving several generations

11. Passivity - no action taken

12. Neutrality - not supporting or helping

13. Innovative - having new advanced ideas or methods

14. Fragmented - spite up or disunified

15. Agenda - a plan of things to be done to be solve a problem

16. Democratise - make democratic

17. Exploitation - take undue advantage of

 

3.5 The alchemy of nature

1. Instinctively – by natural instinct

2. Awe - a feeling of respect with wonder

3. Wilting - to dry and droop

4. Withers – dries up

5. Splendour - grand appearance

6. Colossal - extremely large

7. Conviction - strong belief

8. Lugging - carry or drag with great efforts

9. Frail feelers - weak legs

10. Unhindered - not hindered or obstructed

11. Alchemy - mysterious power or magic that can change things

 

4.1 The world is Mine

1. Envied – was jealous of

2. Hobble – walk with a limp, unsteadily

3. Aisle – passage between two rows of seats

4. Whine – complain in a crying tone.

 

4.2 Bholi

1. Simpleton - one who can be easily deceived to believe anything

2. Numberdar - an official who collects revenue

3. Disfigured - spoiled

4. Pockmarks - permanent marks left on the skin

5. Stammer - speech defect

6. Matter - entangled

7. Squatted - sat on their heels

8. In a helpless flood - uncontrolled flow of tears

9. Scurried - ran or moved away in a hurry

10. Ginning - separating raw cotton from its seeds

11. Envious - jealous

12. Poised - in a fixed position

13. Humiliate - put to shame

14. Downcast - looking downwards

15. Prospective - future

16. contempt - hatred

17. startled - shocked

18. mean - wicked

19. contemptible - hateful

20. contemplating – thinking about deeply

 

4.3 O Captain! My Captain!

1.       Weather’d every rack – overcome every difficulty

2.       Exulting – rejoicing and celebrating 

3.       Keel - the strong base of a boat or ship which supports its entire framework

4.       Grim - serious

5.       Trills - plays loudly

6.       Wreaths - garlands

7.       Mass - crowds of people

8.       Some dream - here, something hard to believe

9.       Mournful - very sorrowful

10.   Tread – footsteps

 

4.4 Unbeatable super Mom Mary Kom

1. Jhum - farming shifting cultivation

2. Humble surroundings - simple and poor conditions

3. AIBA - the amateur international boxing association

4. Debut - first public appearance or performance

5. Reinforce - strengthened

6. A legend - one who makes history

7. Elation - great joy

8. Sink - in realize and accept

9. Exhilarated - very thrilled

10. Sparring - motions of boxing during training. Without landing actual blows

11. Tactical - planned actions to gain victory

12. Dodgy - unjust/partial

13. Corporates - companies or industries

14. Sponsor - organization that pays or aids sportsmen or a sport event

15. Conditioning - becoming fit

16. Saturated - fats unhealthy fats

17. OGQ - Olympic gold quest

18. Stereotype - fixed idea held as a common standard

 

4.5 Joan of Arc

1. Grimly - seriously

2. Squire - a person of high rank

3. Blockhead - a stupid person

4. Assuming - taking for granted

5. Dauphin - the oldest son of the king France the one who would become the king after his father

6. Monsieur - French word for mister mr

7. Retreats - hastily moves away in a hurry

8. Cowed - frightened

9. Wavering - hesitating

10. Have put fire into me - inspired or motivated

11. Obstinately - in a stubborn and firm manner

12. Gravely - seriously

13. Raising a siege surround from all sides and attack

14. Plundering - looting

15. To save their skins - to save their lives

16. To put fire into someone - to inspire someone to fight bravely

17. Let come what may - let anything happen

18. Wash ones hands off it – not take any responsibility for

सोमवार, १४ मार्च, २०२२

पारिभाषिक शब्द इंग्रजी - मराठी

पारिभाषिक शब्द 

English Translation 

पुढील शब्दांना प्रचलित मराठी भाषेतील शब्द लिहा. 

Book - पुस्तक 
Pen - लेखणी 
Road - रस्ता
Drama - नाटक
Tax - कर
Causal leave - नैमितिक रजा 
Unit - एकक 
Treatment - उपचार
Valuation - मुल्यांकन 
Mobile - फिरता
Medical examination - वैद्यकीय तपासणी 
Exchange - देवाणघेवाण 
Bio-data स्वपरिचय
Police - पोलिसखाते
Library - ग्रंथालय
Time - वेळ
Bus - बसगाडी
Car - गाडी
Traffic - रहदारी
Success - यश
Common - सामान्य
Market - बाजार
Confidence - आत्मविश्वास 
Customer - ग्राहक
Advise - सल्ला
Travel - प्रवास 
Passenger -  प्रवासी 
Colour - रंग
Total - एकूण
Health - आरोग्य 
Corner - कोपरा
Exercise - व्यायाम
Doubt - शंका
Wish - इच्छा
Light - प्रकाश 
Energy - ऊर्जा 
Permission - परवानगी 
Emotion - भावना 
Dream - स्वप्न 
Notice - सुचना
Application - अर्ज
Save - बचत
Protection - संरक्षणासाठी 
Dialogue - संवाद
Leader - नेता
Fuel - इंधन
Pollution - प्रदूषण 
Rough - खडबडीत 
Speed - वेग
Habit - सवय
Helmet - शीरस्रान 
Rules - नियम
Story - गौष्ट
Army - सैन्य 
Country - देश
Award - सन्मान
Accept - स्वीकारणे 
Admit - दाखल करणे
Accident - अपघात 
Action - कृती 
Add - जोडा 
Address - पत्ता 
Age - वय 
Allow - अनुमती 
Appear - उपस्तिती 
Arrange - व्यवस्था 
Article - लेख 
Artist - कलाकार 
Audience - श्रोता 
Available - उपलब्ध 
Bicycle - सायकल  
Baby - बाळ 
Bank- पतपेढी 
Bed - बिछाणा 
Blood - रक्त 
Branch - शाखा 
Button - कळ 
Birth - जन्म 
Battery - विजेरी 
Workshop - कार्यशाळा 
Index - अनुकामानिका 
Engineer - अभियंता 
Reservation - आरक्षण 
Census - जनगणना 
Category - वर्ग 
Commentator -  समालोचक 
Certificate - प्रमाणपत्र 
Bonafide - वास्तविकता 
Allowance - भत्ता 
Clerk - लिपिक 
Junior - कनिष्ट 
Dismiss - बाद करणे 
Programme - कार्यक्रम 
Secretary - सचिव 
Trade mark - बोध चिन्ह 
Problem - समस्या 
Future - भविष्य 
Holiday - सुट्टी 
Easy -  सोपे 
Education - शिक्षण 
Youth - तरूण  
Route - मार्ग 
Selection - विभाग 
Efforts - प्रयत्न 
Urgent - तातडी 
Support - सहाय्य 
Chance - संधी 
Attack - हल्ला 
Competition - स्पर्धा 
Guidance - मार्गदर्शना 
Equal - समान 
Indicator - निर्देशक 
Activity - उपक्रम 
Important - महत्त्व 
Condition - स्तिथी 
Honesty - प्रामाणिकपणा 
Secret - गुपित 
Hard work परिश्रम 
Career - कारकीर्द 
Donation - दानगी 
Moment - चळवळ 
Paragraph - परिच्छेद
Agreement - करार 
Impossible - अशक्य  
Concrete  - ठोस

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