1. Rhyme
कवितेच्या प्रत्येक कडव्यातील ओळीत ठराविक/विशिष्ट ठिकाणी सामन उच्चार असलेले शब्द वापरून नाद साधला जातो तेथे Rhyme अलंकार होतो.
In each of the stanzas of the poem, using words with the same pronunciation in certain places. There is 'Rhyme' figure of speech.
Example
1.
Trees are the kindest things I know,
They do not harm, they simply grow.
2.
Such and stones may break my bones, But sords can also hurt me.
Stone and sticks break only skin, While words are ghosts that haunt me.
2. Simile:
दोन भिन्न गोष्टीमध्ये काहीतरी सारखेपणा असलेला सागण्यासाठी as, like सारखे शब्द वापरले जातात तेथे Simile अलंकार होतो. as, like सारख्या शब्दांचा वापर केलेला असतो.
Words like ‘as’ and ‘like’ are used to say that there is something similar between two different things. There is ‘Simile’ figure of speech. A simile always includes the words 'as' or 'like'.
Examples:
1. As playful as a kitten
2. As lovely as a flower.
3. Blue as the wing of a halcyon.
4. Like the plumes of peacock, purple and green.
5. For as long as memory lives.
6. I grew so like my brother
3. Alliteration
कवितेच्या ओळी मध्ये किंवा वाक्यात, विशिष्ठ एका अक्षराचा ध्वनी पून्हा पून्हा वापर शब्दात करून मनोरंजक नाद केलेला असतो. तेथे Alliteration अलंकार होतो.
In the lines of a poem or in a sentence, the sound of a particular letter is used again and again to make it sound interesting. There is ‘Alliteration’ figure of speech.
Example
1.Weaver weaving at the break of day.
2.O moon, give me moonlight
3.He was selling the shells by the sea shore.
4. The wood is lovely dark and deep.
5.Or travel down the darkened road.
6. And cows and carts can cross it with ease.
7. Each day brings new beginnings alliteration
8. Decisions I must make.
9. Or travel down the darkened road.
10 I can choose to take the road of life.
11. Bring out the best in me.
12. And fit for life each day
13. That life is lived its very best.
14. The route is tough and full of snakes and scorpions.
15. Neither bus nor cart plies.
16. In form and feature, face and limb.
17. It puzzled all our kith and kin.
18. One day, to make the matter worse.
19. What would you do, if you were me.
20. And stoop and build em up with worn-out tools.
21. If neither foes not loving friends can hurt you,
22. With sixty seconds worth of distance run
23. Stopping by woods on a snowy evening
24. I envied her, she seemed so gay, and I wished I was so fair.
25. And then I stopped to buy some sweets
26. The lad who sold them had such charm
27. I talked with him, he seemed so calm, and if I were late, it would do no harm.
28. It`s nice to talk with folks like you. You see, i`m blind.
29. Rise up for you the flag is flung for you the bugle trills.
30. It is some dream that on the deck
4. Repetition
कवितेच्या एकाच ओळीत एक शब्द पून्हा पून्हा वापरून मनोरंजक नाद केलेला असेल तेथे Repetition अलंकार होतो.
It happens where an interesting sound is made by using a word again and again in the same line of the poem. There is ‘Repetition’ figure of speech.
Example.
1. Basket full or two basket full,
2. Small, small moons of light.
3. In fact year after year the same.
4. To prove that you were you?
5. And miles to go before I sleep,
And miles to go before I sleep.
6. If you do not travel,
If you do not read,
If you do not listen to the sounds of life
If you do not appreciate yourself.
7. My brother John got christened me, and I got christened him.
8. To prove that you were you?
9. What would you do, if you were me.
10. And yet don’t look too good, nor talk too wise:
11. If you can dream and not make dreams your master.
12. I envied her, she seemed so gay, and I wished I was so fair.
13. I talked with him, he seemed so calm, and if I were late, it would do no harm.
14. And as I left he said to me I thank you, you have been so kind.
15. O captain! My Captain our fearful trip is done;
16. But O Heart! Heart! Heart!
17. Rise up for you the flag is flung for you the bugle trills
18. For you bouquets and ribbon`d wreaths for you the shores
19. Exult, O shores, and ring, O bells!
5. Metaphor:
कवितेत जेव्हा दोन भिन्न गोष्टी, वस्तू समान आहेत किंवा एकच आहेत अशी तुलना केलेली असते, तेथे Metaphor अलंकार होतो. ही समानता दाखवताना as, like सारख्या शब्दांचा वापर केलेला नसतो.
In poetry, when two different things, objects are compared or are the same, There is ‘Metaphor’ figure of speech. words ‘like’ and ‘as’ are not used to show this similarity.
Examples:
1. Friendship is a Golden Chain.
2. Friendship is a priceless gift.
3. I can choose to take the road of life.
4. If you do not listen to the sounds of life
5. And stoop and build em up with worn-out tools.
6. Today on a a bus I saw a lovely girl with silken hair.
6. Personification
कवितेतील ओळींमध्ये निर्जीव गोष्टी सजीवांप्रमाणे क्रिया करतात व सजीवांप्रमाणे त्यांना भावना असतात अशी कल्पना व्यक्त केलेली असते तेथे ‘Personification’ अलंकार होतो.
In the lines of the poem, the idea that inanimate things act like living beings and like living beings they have buildings is expressed. There is ‘Personification’ figure of speech.
Examples
1. Word can also hurt me.
2. Hope is the thing with feathers.
3. My little horse must think it queer
4. Tree are the kindest things.
5. The rainbow spoke to his heart.
6. The stars dance around all night.
7. Flowers danced in the meadow.
8. If you can meet with triumph and disaster.
9. The vessel grim and daring:
10. From fearful trip the victor ship comes in with object won.
11. If you become a slave of your habits
12. If you do not wear different colours
7. Antithesis
कवितेच्या ओळीमध्ये किंवा एकाच वाक्यात परस्पर विरुद्धर्थी शब्दांचा उपयोग करून शब्दिक कल्पना व्यक्त केलेली असते. तेथे Antithesis अलंकार होतो.
Verbal ideas are expressed using contradictory words in a line of poetry or in a single sentence. Antithesis ornament occurs there. There is ‘Antithesis’ figure of speech.
Example:
1. That can`t be bought or sold.
2. One man's medicine is another man's poison.
3. So near yet so far.
4. Man propose God disposes.
5. From the city to my village.
6. I want to light the dark route,
7. If you do not risk what is safe, for the uncertain.
8. If you can keep your head when all about you, Are losing theirs and blaming it on you.
10. If you can trust yourself when all men doubt you.
11. If you can meet with triumph and disaster
12. It`s nice to talk with folks like you. You see, I’m blind.
13. While follow eyes the steady keel, the vessel grim and daring:
8. Apostrophe
कवितेच्या ओळी मध्ये जेव्हा अदृश्य असलेल्या, काल्पनिक असलेल्या आणि अस्तित्वात नसलेल्या गोष्टी बरोबर कवीने संभाषण केलेले असते अशी कल्पना कवीने कवितेत व्यक्त केलेली असते. तेथे Apostrophe अलंकार होतो.
In the lines of the poem, the poet expresses the idea that when the poet has a conversation with things that are invisible, imaginary and non-existent. There is ‘Apostrophe’ figure of speech.
Examples
1. Help, Lord, to just say no.
2. Please open up my eyes, dear Lord.
3. O moon, give me moonlight.
4. O moon give me a basketful of moonlight.
5. O God, forgive me when I whine.
6. Please open up my eyes, dear Lord.
7. Help, Lord, to just say ``no``
8. O God, forgive me when I whine
9. O captain! My Captain our fearful trip is done;
9. Hyperbole:
कवितेच्या ओळीमध्ये किंवा वाक्यांमध्ये एखाद्या गोष्टीची स्तुती करताना त्याच्या क्षमतांपेक्षा जास्तच वर्णन करून परिणाम साध्य केलेला असतो. तेथे Hyperbole अलंकार होतो.
When praising something in a line of poetry or in a sentence, the result is achieved by describing more than its capabilities. There is a ‘Hyperbole’ figure of speech.
Example:
1. I am a so hungry, I could eat a horse.
2. I have told you thousand of time to clean your room.
3. I want to sow seeds of moon, on the side of the path
4. You start dying slowly
5. If you do not go after a dream.
6. It reached a fearful pitch
7. We got completely mixed
8. This fatal likeness even dogged, my footsteps, when at school.
9. I have two legs, the world is mine.
10. I have two eyes the world is mine.
11. I have two ears, the world is mine.
12. The ship has weather`d every rack.
10. Tautology:
कवितेच्या ओळीमध्ये किंवा एकाच वाक्यात दोन समानार्थी शब्दांचा उपयोग करून शब्दिक कल्पना व्यक्त केलेली असते. तेथे Tautology अलंकार होतो.
Verbal ideas are expressed using two synonyms in a line of poetry or in a single sentence. There ‘Tautology’ is figure of speech.
1. Where on the deck my captain lies, fallen cold and dead.
2. O Captain! My Captain! rise up and hear the bells:
3. Rise up for you the flag is flung for you the bugle trills
4. Hear Captain! Dear Father!
5. My captain does not answer his lips are pale and still.
6. The ship is anchored safe and sound its voyage closed and done.
7. I too want to hear fairy tales and stories from him.
11. Pun
कवितेच्या ओळी मध्ये जेव्हा विनोदी प्रभावासाठी एक शब्द दोन अर्थाने वापरलेला असतो, तेथे Pun अलंकार होतो.
In the lines of the poem, when a word is used in two senses for humorous effect, There is ‘Pun’ figure of speech..
Example:
1. Writing with a broken pencil is pointless.
2. A horse is a stable animal.
3. You were right so I left.
4. Basketful or two basket full
5. I grew so like my brother
6. That folks got taking me for him.
12. Inversion
जेव्हा कवितेच्या ओळी किंवा वाक्य मध्ये शब्द अयोग्य क्रमाने वापरून विस्कळीत शब्द रचना वाक्यात केलेली असते व त्या शब्दाला महत्त्व दिलेले असते. तेथे Inversion अलंकार होतो.
When a word is formed in a sentence by using the word in the wrong order in the lines or sentences of the poem and the word is given importance. There is ‘Inversion’ figure of speech.
Examples
1. Slowly flowed the river.
या वाक्यात शब्द रचना विस्कळीत आहे योग्य रचना
The river flowed slowly.
2. Decisions I must make.
या वाक्यात शब्द रचना विस्कळीत आहे योग्य रचना
I must make decisions.
3. Today, on a bus I saw a lovely girl with silken hair.
4. Tree are the kindest things I know.
5. Whose woods these are I think I know
6. When suddenly she rose to leave, I saw her hobble down the aisle
7. I saw a child with eyes of blue.
8. Where on the deck my captain lies.
13. Exclamation
जेव्हा कवितेच्या ओळी किंवा वाक्य मध्ये एखादी कल्पनेतील भवना आनंद, आश्चर्य, राग, दु:ख व्यक्त करण्यासाठी उद्गारार्थी शब्द अथवा उद्गारार्थी वाक्याची रचना केली जाते तेथे Exclamation अलंकार होतो.
Exclamation is a metaphor in the lines or sentences of a poem when an imaginary building is composed of exclamation point or exclamation point to express joy, surprise, anger, sorrow. There is ‘Exclamation’ figure of speech.
Examples
1. Oh my God!
2. What a brilliant catch!
3. How sad it is to cry alone!
4. Listen! All I ask is that you listen.
14. Interrogation
जेव्हा कवितेच्या ओळी किंवा वाक्यामध्ये नाट्यमय संवादातून प्रश्न विचारलेला असतो आणि भवना व्यक्त केलेली असते. तेथे Interrogation अलंकार होतो.
When a question is asked in a poetic line or sentence through dramatic dialogue and the building is expressed. Interrogation takes place there.
Examples
1. Am I idiot to fall for your lies?
2. Who do you think you are acting that way?
3. To prove that you were you?
15. Consonance
कवितेच्या ओळीमध्ये किंवा वाक्यांमध्ये जेव्हा स्वरसंयोग असलेले शब्द पुन्हा पुन्हा वापरलेले असतात तेथे Consonance अलंकार होतो.
Consonance is a metaphor in a line of poetry or in a sentence when the consonantal words are used over and over again. There is ‘Consonance’ figure of speech.
Example:
1. Pitter patter, pitter patter.
2. Mike likes his new bike.
3. Knight fights at night for right.
4. Hear Captain! Dear Father!
16. Onomatopoeia:
कवितेच्या ओळीमध्ये किंवा वाक्यांमध्ये विशिष्ठ प्रकारच्या ध्वनीं व्यक्त करणारे शब्द वापरलेले असतात ज्यांना कोणत्याही प्रकारचा अर्थ नसतो. तेथे Onomatopoeia अलंकार होतो.
Poetry lines or sentences use words that express certain types of sounds that have no meaning what so ever. ‘Onomatopoeia’ figure of speech occurs there.
boom, ding dong, bang, hiss, splash, tik-tok tik-tok etc.
1. Boom, went the dynamite.
2. Ding dong the bell rang.
17. Paradox:
कवितेच्या ओळीमध्ये किंवा वाक्यांमध्ये जे सांगतो त्याच्या विरुद्ध अर्थ व्यक्त होत असतो. तेथे Paradox अलंकार होतो.
The meaning is expressed against what is said in the lines or sentences of the poem. There ‘Paradox’ figure of speech take place.
Examples:
1. Don't go to the water until you have learned to swim.
पोहायला शिकल्या शिवाय पाण्यात जाऊ नये.
पाण्यात गेल्या शिवाय शिकता येईल का?
2. Death is the end get the beginning.
मृत्यू हा अंत आहे जो जीवनाची सुरुवात असतो.
3. Water, water everywhere not any drop to drink.
पाणी सर्वत्र आहे पण पिण्यासाठी नाही.